What is a potential complication after a splenectomy that nurses should monitor for?

Following a splenectomy, a significant potential complication that nurses need to monitor for is infection. The spleen plays a crucial role in the immune system, particularly in filtering bacteria and other pathogens from the bloodstream and producing immune responses. After its removal, patients are at an increased risk for infections, particularly from encapsulated bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis.

Due to the loss of splenic function, the body struggles to mount an adequate immune response to these pathogens, making it essential for healthcare providers to monitor for signs of infection, such as fever, chills, or unusual fatigue. Vaccinations and prophylactic antibiotics are often recommended in these patients to reduce the risk of post-splenectomy infections.

While bleeding, fluid overload, and dehydration are also important considerations in post-operative care, they are not as directly linked to the fundamental loss of function that follows a splenectomy, unlike the heightened risk for infections.