What is peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is primarily characterized by a narrowing of the arteries, which impedes blood flow to the limbs, commonly the legs. This condition often arises due to atherosclerosis, a process where fatty deposits build up on artery walls, leading to reduced blood flow. Patients with PAD may experience symptoms such as pain in the legs during physical activities (intermittent claudication), weakness, or numbness.

This reduction in blood flow can significantly affect mobility and overall health, as it restricts the oxygen and nutrient supply to tissues, potentially leading to further complications, including infections or even limb loss. Understanding PAD is crucial for diagnosing and managing cardiovascular health, particularly in populations at risk, such as those with diabetes, hypertension, or who smoke.